ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓦꓻ ꓡꓱ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓬꓰ ꓟ Julian ꓚꓺ ꓟꓲꓼ (Julian the apostate

ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓦꓻ ꓡꓱ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓬꓰ ꓟ Julian ꓚꓺ ꓟꓲꓼ

Julian ꓠꓬ ꓪ ꓔꓲ Constantine ꓫꓵꓽ ꓤ ꓪꓳꓽ ꓤ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓪ ꓔꓲ Constantine ꓡꓰ ꓣꓳ‐ꓟ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓘꓴꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓟ ꓙꓵ, ꓕꓯ Julian ꓐꓴ ꓕꓲ ꓦꓲꓻ ꓡꓱ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓟꓶ ꓡꓰ ꓢꓲ ꓠꓬꓲ Julian ꓕꓲ ꓣꓳ ꓡꓰ ꓡꓲ. ꓙꓰ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ ꓟ ꓪꓴ. ꓠꓬꓲ ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓔꓯ ꓦꓻ ꓡꓱ ꓢꓴ ꓙꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺ ꓤ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ Julian ꓠꓬ ꓮ ꓘꓶ. ꓠꓲ, ꓜꓳꓻ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿

ꓮ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓑꓶ. ꓓꓴ ꓥ ꓐꓯ ꓠꓬ ꓬꓲ. ꓠꓬ ꓞꓲꓼ ꓣꓳ ꓟ ꓙꓵ, ꓕꓯ ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓦꓻ ꓡꓱ ꓢꓴ ꓕꓲ ꓣꓳ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓞꓳ ꓙꓳ ꓔꓬ ꓗꓷ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓬꓲ. ꓞꓲꓼ ꓪꓴꓽ ꓡ ꓟ ꓙꓵ, ꓕꓯ ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓟꓽ ꓦꓻ ꓡꓱ ꓢꓴ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓢꓷ. ꓠꓲ, ꓕꓳ ꓶ ꓟ. ꓒꓽ ꓐꓴ ꓡꓰ ꓟ. ꓖꓶ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓣꓴ ꓢꓲ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓟ ꓠꓬ ꓮ ꓘꓶ. ꓛꓲ ꓙꓲ ꓡꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓓꓴ ꓙ ꓗꓷ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓬꓲ ꓞꓲꓼ ꓪꓴꓽ ꓡ ꓟꓟ ꓙꓵ, ꓕꓯ ꓙꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺ ꓤ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓔꓳ, ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓟ ꓜꓴꓻ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓬ ꓟ Athens ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓔ ꓟ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓙꓰ ꓡꓰ ꓬꓲ ꓠꓬ ꓪ ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿

ꓮꓓ (355) ꓘꓳꓼ ꓕꓯ ꓣꓳ‐ꓟ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓢꓴ ꓠꓬ Julian ꓕꓯ ꓘꓴ ꓢꓲ ꓠꓬꓲ Gaul ꓐꓰ ꓲꓔꓮꓡꓬ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓴꓻ ꓔꓯ ꓧꓳꓽ ꓪꓴ. ꓟꓴ ꓝꓲ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓬꓲ ꓠꓬ ꓮ ꓘꓶ. ꓛꓲ ꓓꓽ ꓟ ꓐꓰ ꓮ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓴꓻ ꓔꓯ ꓧꓳꓽ ꓪꓴ. ꓟꓴ ꓢꓴ ꓥ ꓢꓲ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓒ ꓐꓴ Julian ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓘꓶ. ꓠꓲ, ꓒꓴ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓡꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓞꓲꓼ ꓬꓲ ꓠꓬ ꓬꓲ ꓪ ꓔꓬ ꓔꓶ. ꓗꓪ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓓꓶꓽ ꓡ ꓢꓴ  ꓐꓴ Barbarian ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓴꓻ ꓔꓯ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓓꓶꓽ ꓧꓪ. ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓪꓴ. ꓠꓬꓲ ꓟꓬꓱꓺ ꓓꓳꓽ ꓮ ꓘꓶ. ꓙꓳˍ ꓡ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓪ ꓔꓲ Constantius ꓠꓬ ꓬꓲ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓴꓻ ꓔꓯ Persians ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓠ, ꓟ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓪ ꓖꓶ ꓗꓷ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓴꓻ ꓠꓬ ꓪ ꓔꓲ ꓐꓯ ꓘꓶꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓽ ꓘꓳ ꓣꓴ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓖꓳ ꓗ. ꓠꓯ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓒꓽ ꓐꓴ ꓡꓰ ꓙꓴꓡꓲꓮꓠ ꓠꓬ ꓬꓲ. ꓪ ꓪꓽ ꓔꓲ ꓐꓰ ꓐꓯ ꓑꓶ ꓗꓷ  ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿

 ꓮ ꓘꓶ. ꓓ ꓟ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓒꓽ (3000) ꓣꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓕꓲ ꓪ Julian ꓠꓬ Constantinople ꓡꓳ ꓒꓱ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓓꓶꓽ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓠ, ꓟ ꓙꓰ ꓗꓷ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓖꓳ ꓕꓲ ꓙꓵ, ꓗꓪ ꓪ ꓔꓲ Constantius ꓠꓬ ꓫꓵꓻ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓓꓳꓽ ꓐ ꓙ ꓗꓷ ꓗ. ꓠꓯ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓒꓽ Julian ꓠꓬ ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓟꓽ ꓦꓻꓡꓱ ꓢꓴ Pagan ꓕꓲ ꓣꓳ ꓥ ꓡꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓐꓯ ꓑꓶ ꓗꓷ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓖꓳ ꓗ. ꓠꓯ ꓣꓳ‐ꓟ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓘꓴꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓪꓴ. ꓓꓵ ꓕꓱꓼ ꓠ, ꓟ ꓦꓲꓻ ꓫꓬ, ꓠ, ꓟ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓪ ꓖꓶ ꓗꓷꓳ꓿ ꓬꓲ ꓠꓬ ꓙꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺ  ꓤ ꓐꓴ ꓡꓰ ꓒꓴ ꓔ ꓢꓳꓻ ꓦꓲꓻ ꓗꓪ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓬꓰ ꓙ ꓔꓳ, ꓙ ꓠ, ꓟ ꓟ. ꓖꓶ ꓟ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓢꓷ. ꓠꓲ, ꓔꓯ ꓟꓽ ꓟ.  ꓠ, ꓟ ꓗꓽ ꓗꓷꓳ꓿ ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓟꓯ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓔꓲꓺ ꓒ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓗꓷ ꓝꓲ ꓢꓲ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓴꓻ ꓗꓪ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓒꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓝꓲ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿

ꓪ ꓔꓲ Constantine ꓡꓰ ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓦꓻ ꓡꓱ ꓢꓴ ꓙꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺ ꓤ ꓐꓴ ꓐꓱ ꓶ ꓫꓬ, ꓖꓶ ꓔ ꓟ ꓪꓽ ꓘꓴ ꓦꓲꓻ ꓔꓯ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓪꓴ. ꓓꓵ ꓕꓱꓼ ꓠ, ꓟ ꓐꓯ ꓑꓶ ꓗꓷꓳ꓿ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓘꓶ. ꓛꓲ ꓪꓴꓽ ꓟꓴ ꓡ ꓠ, ꓟ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓓꓴ ꓥꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓒꓽ Julian ꓓꓴ ꓙ ꓔ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓟꓴ ꓗꓳ ꓓꓵ ꓓꓵ ꓗꓪ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓪꓽ ꓘꓴ ꓦꓲꓻ ꓓꓽ ꓫꓬ, ꓠ, ꓟ ꓬꓰ ꓗꓷ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓪꓽꓘꓴ ꓟ ꓠꓬ ꓙꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺꓤ ꓐꓴ ꓪꓽ ꓘꓴ ꓟ ꓐꓰ ꓮ ꓘꓶ. ꓛꓲ ꓪ ꓠ, ꓪꓽ ꓘꓴ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓙꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺ ꓤ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓯ, ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓢꓳꓻ ꓣꓴ ꓪ ꓟ ꓙ ꓗꓳ ꓠꓲ,  ꓠꓵꓻ ꓠꓲ, ꓔꓯ ꓟ. ꓖꓶ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿

ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓒꓽ Julian ꓠꓬ ꓣꓳ‐ꓟ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓔꓯ ꓢꓽ ꓘꓳꓼ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓗꓷ ꓗ. ꓠꓯ Persians ꓟꓯꓼ ꓐꓴ ꓡꓰ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓓꓶꓽ ꓡ ꓟ ꓪꓴ. ꓠꓬꓲ ꓫꓵꓻꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓖ  ꓳ ꓗ. ꓠꓯ ꓠꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓮ ꓘꓶ. ꓛꓲ ꓣꓳ‐ꓟ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓔꓬ ꓫ. ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿