ꓬꓴ-ꓔ ꓡꓽ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓐꓯ ꓟꓴ ꓫꓬꓹ ꓒꓽ ꓐꓴ ꓡꓰ ꓙꓵꓽˍ ꓟ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓗꓪ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓟꓶꓽ ꓕꓲ ꓣꓳ ꓠꓬ ꓢ-ꓟꓴ-ꓬꓰ ꓥ ꓡꓳ= ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓖꓳ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓬꓴ-ꓔ ꓡꓽ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓬꓲ ꓪ ꓪ ꓔꓲ ꓓꓰꓽ ꓡˍ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓪꓴ-ꓢ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓓꓽ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓗꓷ ꓢꓲ ꓙꓲ-ꓢꓶ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓤ ꓢꓳ-ꓡꓳ ꓔꓯ ꓪꓴ-ꓢ ꓡꓰ ꓢꓲ ꓚꓰ ꓗꓷꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓬꓴ-ꓔ ꓡꓽ ꓞꓳ ꓪ ꓔꓲ ꓬꓰ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓢ-ꓟꓴ-ꓬꓰ ꓡꓰ ꓢꓳ...
Crusade ꓟꓶ ꓙꓽ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓟ 3 ꓧꓪ ꓓꓳꓻ ꓡꓰ ꓗꓷ ꓠꓯ, ꓑ ꓫꓬ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓽ ꓠꓲ, ꓫꓵˍ ꓗꓷ ꓡꓰꓳ꓿ 1198 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓕꓯ ꓔꓲꓺ ꓒ ꓪ ꓔꓲ Innocent (3) ꓠꓬ ꓔꓲꓺ ꓒ ꓘꓴ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓞꓳ ꓔꓯ ꓧꓳꓽ ꓪꓴ. ꓟꓴ ꓢꓴ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓔꓲꓺ ꓒ ꓪ ꓔꓲ Innocent ꓠꓬ ꓙꓱ‐ꓣꓴ‐ꓢ‐ꓡꓱ ꓔꓯ Muslim ꓐꓴ ꓡꓯ ꓒꓯ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓝꓮꓲ ꓣꓴ ꓠ, ꓟ...
ꓡꓯꓼ ꓐꓳ ꓔꓶꓸ ꓓꓴ ꓐꓬꓱꓽ ꓔꓯ "ꓐꓹ ꓐꓽ꓾ ꓤꓼ ꓔꓲꓸ ꓾ ꓢꓲ-ꓫꓬ-ꓟ-ꓦ ꓟꓬꓱ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓬꓰˍ ꓟ ꓥˍ ꓡꓳ= ꓕꓱ ꓟ ꓠꓬ ꓚꓵꓸ ꓛꓬꓽ ꓔꓵꓹ ꓚꓵꓸ ꓛꓬꓽ ꓶꓽ ꓥꓳꓽ ꓙꓱꓽ ꓤꓼˍ ꓟ ꓥˍ ꓡꓳ= ꓙꓲ-ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺ ꓤꓼ ꓥˍ ꓟ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓡꓰ ꓓꓴ ꓓꓽ ꓟ ˍ ꓟꓲ ꓥˍ ꓡꓳ=
Crusade ꓢꓰꓼ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓟ ꓮ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓑꓶ. ꓓꓴ ꓒꓬꓱꓽ ꓡ ꓥ ꓐꓯ ꓠꓬ ꓦꓻ ꓡꓱ ꓢꓴ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓥ ꓟ ꓙꓱ‐ꓣꓴ‐ꓢ‐ꓡꓱ ꓔꓯ Muslim ꓐꓴ ꓡꓰ ꓓꓶꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓰˍ ꓟ ꓪꓴ. ꓠꓬꓲ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓟ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓪꓴꓽ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ Crusade ꓢꓰꓼ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓟ 3 ꓧꓪ ꓔꓯ ꓠꓬ (King’s Crusade) ꓐꓰ ꓘꓴ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ Muslim ꓪ ꓔꓲ Saladin ꓡꓯ ꓒꓯ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓙꓱ‐ꓣꓴ‐ꓢ‐ꓡꓱ ꓟꓵꓽ...
Crusade ꓢꓰꓼ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳˍ ꓟ ꓙꓵ, ꓕꓯ ꓧꓪ. ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓔꓯ (Country of Edessa ) ꓐꓰ ꓟꓬꓱꓺ ꓔ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓕꓱ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓔꓯ Muslim ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓴꓻꓔꓯ ꓧꓳꓽ ꓪꓴ. ꓟꓴ ꓢꓴ (Zengi) ꓟꓯꓼ ꓜꓴꓼ ꓡꓰ ꓝꓮꓲ ꓔꓶꓽ ꓧꓪ. ꓡꓰꓳ꓿ ꓕꓱ Crusade ꓢꓰꓼ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳˍ ꓟ ꓙꓵ, ꓕꓯ ꓘꓴ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓞꓳ ꓔꓯ ꓧꓳꓽ ꓪꓴ. ꓟꓴ ꓢꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓔꓲꓺ ꓒ ꓪ ꓔꓲ (Eugene 3...
ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓚꓺ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓘꓴ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓞꓳ ꓚꓺ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓮ ꓟꓬ, ꓣꓱ ꓛꓵ ꓟ ꓚꓺ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓠꓬ Crusade ꓢꓰꓼ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳˍ ꓟ ꓟꓶꓽ ꓙꓽ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓕꓱ ꓟ ꓠꓬ ꓙꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺ ꓤ ꓐꓴ ꓐꓰ Muslim ꓐꓴ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳˍ ꓗꓷ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓕꓱ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳˍ ꓟ ꓠꓬ (200) ꓘꓳꓼ ꓟꓶ ꓫꓵˍ ꓗꓷ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓙꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺ ꓤ ꓐꓴ ꓐꓰ Muslim ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓚꓰꓼ...
ꓢ-ꓟ-ꓡꓲ ꓔꓯ ꓦꓲ-ꓐꓱ-ꓣꓴ ꓥꓳꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓾ “ꓡꓳꓸ ꓖꓴ ꓪ ꓚꓲꓺ” ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓠꓬ “ꓟꓵꓽ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓤꓲ” ꓐꓰ ꓐꓯˍ ꓟ ꓥ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓢ-ꓟ-ꓡꓲ ꓐꓯˍ ꓟ ꓟꓬꓱꓺ ꓠꓬ ꓡꓳ ꓒꓱ ꓐꓰ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓡꓱꓸꓼ ꓔꓯ ꓐꓯˍ ꓟ ꓥꓳ= ꓪꓴ-ꓢ ꓡꓰ ꓙ ꓟꓳ ꓔ ꓟ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓬꓲ-ꓢꓷ-ꓡꓲ ꓞꓳ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓐꓴ ꓓꓶꓽ ꓧꓪꓸ ꓡꓰˍ ꓕꓯ ꓾ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓕꓱ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓟ-ꓠ-ꓢꓲ ꓐꓰ ꓬꓲ-ꓒ-ꓡꓲ ꓞꓳ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ...
1054 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓕꓯ ꓗ‐ꓡꓲꓗ ꓘꓴ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓞꓳ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ Orthodox ꓘꓴ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓞꓳ ꓧ, ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ Orthodox ꓘꓴ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓞꓳ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓬ ꓔꓲꓺ ꓒ ꓪ ꓔꓲ ꓔꓯ ꓬꓲ. ꓪ ꓪꓴ. ꓓꓴ ꓣꓱ ꓢꓴ ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓐꓰ ꓘꓳ ꓣꓴ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓬꓲ ꓪ ꓠꓬ ꓝꓲ ꓓꓴ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓠꓲ ꓚꓱ, ꓔꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓣꓴ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ ꓟ ꓑꓶ. ꓓꓴ ꓗ‐ꓕꓳ‐ꓡꓲꓗ ꓘꓴ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓰ Orthodox ꓙꓵꓻ ꓠꓲ...
ꓮꓓ-1456 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓛꓲ ꓢꓲ ꓫꓬ ꓕꓳ ꓶ ꓔꓯ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓑꓷꓠ ꓟꓽ ꓠꓬꓲꓸ ꓓꓳ ꓡ ꓢꓲ-ꓸ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓑꓷꓠ ꓟꓽ ꓠꓬꓲꓸ ꓓꓳ ꓡꓹ ꓟ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓘꓴꓽ ꓕꓲꓽ ꓔꓴ ꓘꓳꓼ ꓖ ꓡꓯ ꓖ ꓙꓲ ꓗꓪ ꓢꓲ ꓫꓬ ꓕꓳ ꓶ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓡꓲꓺ ꓡꓰ ꓣꓱꓽ ꓢꓲ ꓶꓽ ꓥꓳꓽ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓗꓷꓳ= ꓗ ꓠꓯ ꓙ-ꓟꓶ-ꓠꓲ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓟꓮꓲꓠꓜ (ꓟꓲꓹ-ꓢꓲꓽ) ꓡꓳ ꓒꓱ ꓗꓪ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓗ-ꓕꓳ-ꓡꓲ ꓢꓲ ꓤ (Johann Gutenberg) ꓖꓴ-...
ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓕꓯ ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓶꓽ ꓓꓳ ꓫꓱ, ꓓꓳꓽ ꓚꓺ ꓕꓯ ꓔꓲꓺ ꓒ ꓔꓲꓺ ꓟ ꓐꓴ ꓐꓰ ꓟ. ꓒꓽ ꓟ. ꓟ ꓐꓴ ꓡꓰ ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓿ ꓣꓳ ꓙꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺ ꓤ ꓐꓴ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓪꓴ‐ꓢ ꓬꓰ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐˍ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓘꓴ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓞꓳ ꓘꓴ ꓗꓪ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓙꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓢꓲꓺ ꓤ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓶꓽ ꓓꓳ ꓫꓱ, ꓓꓳꓽ ꓚꓺ ꓠ, ꓟ ꓣꓳ ꓠꓯ, ꓗꓪ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓶꓽ ꓙꓳ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ꓿ ꓣꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ...
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